A 4-d phlebotomy camp was set up in the Multidisciplinary Laboratory on the University campus for collection of blood samples. Approval from the Aga Khan University Ethical Review Committee was taken for conducting this study (ERC number: 2810-Pat-ERC-13). Apparently healthy adult volunteers were invited to join in the research once informed consent was taken. This cross sectional analysis was done from June 2014 till January 2016, in the Section of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan. This study was conducted to analyze serum leptin concentrations in samples from adult volunteers and correlate it with body composition parameters, difference in gender, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and lipids. Few studies have attempted to investigate the effect of body composition and leptin with vitamin D in adolescence.
Additionally, the connection between body composition, especially fat content in the body, and Vitamin D and leptin in young adults is clinically vital because management that modify body weight may affect bone health and therefore the possibility of osteoporosis in later life. Given the potential for positive associations of VDD and leptin concentration with obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease, the identification of modifiable lifestyle factors associated with leptin levels is vitally important to prevent obesity and its associated complications. The VDR polymorphisms were described to be linked to adiposity phenotypes. The hereditary risk factors include polycystic ovary disease, cytochrome P450, locus 20q13, vitamin D-binding protein gene polymorphisms, and aP2 gene. Genetic studies have shown to link molecular variations of Vitamin D metabolism with obesity. Secondary factors common to both obesity and VDD are environmental aspects like dietary, racial, topographical, seasonal, and environmental pollution. The link between vitamin D and obesity has been put forward by some genetic and secondary lines of evidences. The cause-effect relationship between leptin, VDD and obesity remains unclear.
The limited available literature differs considerably in terms of study design, subjects studied and results reported, making it challenging to infer. Quite a few cross-sectional studies have explored leptin and obesity in relation to Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) but the findings is inconsistent and conflicting.
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